In the first phase, an inventory (literature survey, expert interviews) has been carried out of the knowledge that exists on the synergies and trade-offs of the before mentioned three specific climate measures, including life-cycle aspects of biofuels and biomass.The main outcome was that climate measures, such as those implementing the use of biofuels and biomass, and carbon capture and storage, will not necessarily lead to a reduction in the emission of air pollutants. In addition, the emission of certain air pollutants could even increase. See reports 1 to 4 below. Nevertheless, the net effect on air pollutants of the entire Dutch climate policy plan is positive, see report 5 below. Uncertainties around the net effects, however, still remain.

The results of phase 1 are available in the following documents

1. Carbon dioxide and air polluting emissions of biofuels and biomass from production to distribution

• Report: Quick scan local emissions biofuel scenarios

• Presentation: Well to tank effect on air pollutants from biofuels: BOLK phase 1

2. Impacts on air pollution from biofuel use in road vehicles

• Report: Impacts on air pollution of biofuel use in road vehicles

• Presentation: Impact of biofuels on engine technology and emissions

3. Impacts on air pollution from biomass and biofuel use at stationary installations

• Report: Emissions of the use of biomass fuels in stationary applications

4. Impact on air pollution from carbon dioxide capture technologies

• Report: The impacts of CO2 capture technologies on transboundary air pollution in the Netherlands

5. Integration of projects 1 to 4 into: Effects of climate policies on emissions and air pollution for the Netherlands, for the year 2020

• Report: Effects of climate policies on emissions of air pollutants in the Netherlands 

• Presentation: Effects of climate measures on air polluting emissions in the Netherlands