It is estimated that, in order to have a likely chance (over 66%) of limiting global mean temperature increase to 2 °C, annual greenhouse gas emissions need to stay around 44 gigatonnes, by 2020. If all countries fully adhere to the pledges they made in Copenhagen, annual emissions could be reduced from 56 to 49 gigatonnes leaving a gap of around 5 gigatonnes. These are some of the findings in a new report compiled by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), to which the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency has also contributed.